Tension-Only Bracing: Slenderness Limits, Slack and Seismic Design
Seismic codes allow tension-only braces in frames of limited ductility. Why they must be…
Category: Steel Design
Column Base Plate: Pinned or Fixed? Stiffness Assumptions for Design
Column bases are neither pinned nor fixed. Practical stiffness assumptions (SN045) for design forces,…
Should the Bottom Chord of a Roof Truss Be Laterally Restrained?
Does the bottom chord of a roof truss need lateral restraint? Only if uplift…
The Concept of Envelope Combinations and Their Limitations
An envelope pairs extreme forces from different load combinations. Why that misses governing interactions,…
RC Columns + Steel Roof
A 30 m steel roof truss on 8 m concrete columns, modelled three ways.…